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Chandipura virus (CHPV)

First detected in Chandipura village in Maharashtra way back in 1965. It is an emerging infection in I I India and is reported annually post rainy season.

Genus	Vesiculo-virus
Family	Rhabdoviridae
Non-human host	Hedge hogs
Clinical features	Influenza like illness with fever Headache and abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Neurological impairment due to Autoimmune mediated encephalitis -lethargy and stupor – alteration of consciousness – seizures – coma -HPA axis involvement causing Hyper or poikilothermia

Harrison Snap shot

Treatment for Chandipura virus infection, particularly when it leads to encephalitis, is primarily supportive. There are no specific antiviral medications or vaccines available specifically targeting Chandipura virus. Here are the general supportive measures and treatments that may be used in cases of Chandipura encephalitis:

1. Hospitalization and Supportive Care:

– Patients with severe symptom need to be admitted on a priority. Indications are

1. altered consciousness
2. seizures
3. respiratory distress

– Supportive care includes maintaining hydration, electrolyte balance, and monitoring vital signs.

2. Anticonvulsants

– Seizures are a common complication of encephalitis. Anticonvulsant medications like phenytoin drip may be administered to control seizures effectively.

3. Steroids

– In some cases, corticosteroids (such as dexamethasone) may be used to reduce inflammation in the brain and alleviate symptoms. Since it is autoimmune process of damage, steroids would work to reduce the initial insult apart from reducing Vasogenic cerebral edema.

4. Mechanical Ventilation

– If respiratory function is compromised due to severe encephalitis, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support breathing.

5. Symptomatic Treatment

– Medications may be given to manage fever, pain, and other symptoms as needed.

6. Preventive Measures

– Since Chandipura virus is transmitted by sandflies, preventive measures focus on vector control. This includes using insecticides, mosquito nets, and wearing protective clothing to prevent bites.

Given the rarity of Chandipura virus infections outside of specific endemic regions, treatment guidelines are based on general principles of managing viral encephalitis and providing supportive care.